Social and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence

Question: Write an Essay about the psychological and sociological effect on he victim of domestic violence. should relate to theories. Answer: Introduction In this paper a case scenario of intimate partners Anne and John and their family has been described and discussed. Since a year, they have shifted to Annes mothers (Gretas) house and since then there have been incidences of domestic violence due to social and psychological reasons. These incidences have had significant impact socially and psychologically on the couple and their kids. As Anne is the only child of Greta, both Anne and Greta feel that it is Annes duty to care for her dependent mother. Anne has quit her job to shift with Greta. The incidences of violence have led Anne into depression as she is feeling down about her life and her role in the family. She has started feeling guilty for all that is going wrong with her family to the extent that she feels herself responsible and guilty for Jessicas asthma also. She feels if they wont have shifted, these problems could have been avoided. Anne is also grieving her loss of employment because of the relocation as this had given her an outlet and a sense of independence. Over the time, Anne has become introvert, has explosive bursts at children and outside people, and nagging John. Anne is now not socializing with friends as she is ashamed of what theyll think of her. John who is suffering from occupation related back injury, is not working at present, has become an alcoholic and has started being violent with Anne. The reason for Johns explosive outbursts, erratic, angry, and anxious behavior is that he does not approve of Anne spending all her time caring for Greta, the kids, and money. Annes daughter, Jessica, has been suffering from asthma triggered by change of weather. Her son, Dylan, has become introvert and avoids interaction with her. This paper tries to analyze the causes leading to such behavior of the family members by interpreting the situation and justifying their actions. The social and psychological causes and their impact being faced by the family have been discussed. It tries to assess the reason for this behavior of the members and how it is affecting their health and highlights the need for immediate actions to prevent further deterioration of the condition. Psychological causes and impact According to Albert Banduras social learning theory (1977), observational learning facilitates behavior learning from the environment and there exist mediating processes between stimuli and responses. In this case the children are observing the parents (as models) behavior which is having an impact on them. This is the reason for Dylans changed and unsocial behavior. Though according to John the reason for Dylans introvert behavior is adolescence, Anne is quite right in thinking that there are other things responsible for this (Margolin Vickerman 2011). The second part says that there are mediating processes between stimuli and response. This can be seen in Johns case, where he is feeling left out and frustrated over time and this has made him aggressive towards Anne, acting as a mediating process between the stimulus of Anne talking of the Booze and his violent response (Nathan et al. 2011). According to Bronfenbrenners ecological system theory (1979), the different types of ecosystems influence the development of an individual. In the microsystem, i.e., the family environment of the kids, they are experiencing the domestic violence going on at home. This is having significant psychological impact on Dylan and Jessica (Jun et al. 2011, Howell 2011). According to Sarafino, 2012, the cause of stress is the discrepancy perceived by an individual between the physical and psychological demands of a situation and the biological, psychological or social systems available at that point of time. The cause of stress for Anne in this situation is that she is feeling too stretched with her responsibilities both physically and psychologically. On the other hand, John is also stressed out due to his physical condition and dependency. To cope with this stress one may use either an emotion-focused approach or a problem-focused approach (McLeod, 2015). The emotion-focused approach in this case is being used by Anne as she has turned to eating in order to comfort herself, is distracting herself by staying busy, and is writing all her emotions in her diary to precipitate those emotions, though this has led to her weight gain. Similarly, John has also taken up to the same approach as he has started boozing to cope with his stress. To improve the si tuation both should opt for the problem-focused coping technique by seeking social support in this case. People have different approaches to cope with the grief of loss according to the theory of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (Van Vliet, 2014). The five stages that they undergo are mostly: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Different individuals pass through these stages at different paces. Anne has reached the fourth stage. Her grief at her loss of her job, aka, her independence and outlet and her mother being unwell and dependent has crossed the first four stages in this scenario. She is stuck at the fourth stage along with John. Social causes and impact According to the gender socialization theory the environment provides forms the basis for the childs outlooks and awareness of sex-typed behavior from which the consequences are drawn (Fagot et al, 2012). The parent effect perspective addresses of gender socialization tries to show how the different styles, activities, and temperaments of parents socialize traits and behavior in children. The child effects perspective focuses on how children socialize parents by examining how the presence of a child forces parents to adopt new identities for bringing up the children. The reciprocal effect also exists according to this theory (Carter, 2014). In this case, Anne is subject to this gender socialization as she cant leave John because she doesnt want the children to be without their father. The children have become distant from the parents after going through all this. The social determinants of health include the economic stability, education, health and health care, and neighborhood and environment. The economic instable condition of the family, changing schools of the children, changing health and healthcare facilities, the changing neighborhood, friends and in-home environment are having effect on Dylans behavior and Jessicas health. Also, Johns and Annes friend circle has changed in the new place indicating the impact that social factors at personal, family, and community level have on the health of adolescents and adults alike (Viner et al. 2012). Initially, it was John who convinced Anne for the shifting by saying that it will be an opportunity for a fresh start and Anne also thought that it will prove beneficial for convalescing John and Jessica. Though shifting of the family has had positive effects on the family like Jessica is getting treatment from the asthma nurse at home and also at the local clinic, and making it stable in the past year, this seems to be ignored by Anne and John. John being jobless does not mean that he is free to drink and cannot assist Anne in looking after Greta and the kids. He is following the patriarchal philosophy that highlights the need to dominate and control unruly females and the unruly wilderness. Instead of helping, he is putting up new for questions Anne. Ecofeminism (Sturgeon 2016) is a theory believes that patriarchal philosophies are harmful to women, children, and other living things. In this case, this theory finds relevance with regard to John. Annes job was her outlet to her independence. Since she left her job now John is questioning her about her whereabouts, this is against the individualist feminist theory (Donovan 2012) which has its primary focus in an individuals autonomy, rights, liberty, independence and diversity. As per this Anne has liberty to go anywhere she wants. She is being restricted to the house anyways due to her concern for Greta. If she leaves for household or pharmacy work, its wrong for John to interfere as he is not assisting her in this, whereas, he should. Conclusion As there are long-term effects of domestic violence on the behavior of adults and children alike and they also lead to health problems both physically, psychologically, and socially. Thus, there is need of early interventions to prevent the problems from aggravating further. The family needs to assess these social and psychological impacts and work on improving their condition by working on it. Especially, the kids need to be taken much care of (Kagan 2014). References Carter, M. J., 2014. Gender Socialization and Identity Theory. Social Sciences, 3, 242263; doi:10.3390/socsci3020242. Donovan, J., 2012. Feminist Theory, Fourth Edition: The Intellectual Traditions, Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Fagot, B. I., Rodgers, C. S., Leinbach, M. D., 2012. Theories of gender socialization. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA. Howell, K.H., 2011. Resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to family violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(6), pp.562569. Jun, H.-J. et al., 2011. Growing up in a domestic violence environment: relationship with developmental trajectories of body mass index during adolescence into young adulthood. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, p.jech.2010.110932. Kagan, R., 2014. Rebuilding Attachments with Traumatized Children: Healing from Losses, Violence, Abuse, and Neglect, Routledge. Margolin, G. Vickerman, K.A., 2011. Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and issues. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(S), pp.6373. McLeod, S. A., 2009. Emotion Focused Coping. Published in 2015. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/stress-management.html#em Nathan, C., Anderson, C.A. Bushman, B.J., 2011. The general aggression model: Theoretical extensions to violence. Psychology of Violence, 1(3), pp.245258. Sarafino, E. P. (2012). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions. 7th Ed. Asia: Wiley. Sturgeon, N., 2016. Ecofeminist Natures: Race, Gender, Feminist Theory and Political Action, Routledge.

Human Resource Essays - Human Resource Management, Human Resources

Looking for basic information about Human Resources employment? Want to know what the Human Resources Department does? Thinking about a career in Human Resources? Are you interested in what Human Resources employees do and what their job titles mean? Looking for Human Resources employment? Is a job in Human Resources your dream? Here are all the basics, the fundamentals about Human Resources employment that you want and need to know. What is Human Resources? Want to know about Human Resources? Are you interested in understanding Human Resources as a function in an organization and potentially working in Human Resources employment? Need all of the basic information about Human Resources management, job functions, and the role of Human Resources and several HR functions, and the HR department within a company? You've found the basics here.

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India From the often chaotic and fratricidal court of Indias Mughal Empire sprang perhaps the worlds most beautiful and serene monument to love - the Taj Mahal.  Its designer was the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan himself, a complex man whose life ended in tragic circumstances. Early Life The child who would become Shah Jahan was born on March 4, 1592, in Lahore, now in Pakistan. His parents were Prince Jahangir and his wife Manmati, a Rajput princess who was called Bilquis Makani in the Mughal court. The baby was Jahangirs third son. He was named Ala Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, or Khurram for short. As a child, Khurram was a particular favorite of his grandfather, Emperor Akbar the Great, who personally oversaw the little princes education. Khurram studied warfare, the Koran, poetry, music, and other subjects suitable for a Mughal prince. In 1605, the 13-year-old prince refused to leave his grandfathers side as Akbar lay dying, despite the potential threat from his fathers rivals for the throne. Jahangir succeeded to the throne, after crushing an uprising led by one of his other sons, Khurrams half-brother. The incident brought Jahangir and Khurram closer; in 1607, the emperor awarded his third son the fiefdom of Hissar-Feroza, which court observers took to mean that 15-year-old Khurram was now the heir apparent. Also in 1607, Prince Khurram was engaged to marry Arjumand Banu Begum, the 14-year-old daughter of a Persian nobleman. Their wedding did not take place until five years later, and Khurram would marry two other women in the meantime, but Arjumand was his true love. She later became known as Mumtaz Mahal - The Chosen One of the Palace. Khurram dutifully sired a son by each of his other wives, and then neglected them almost entirely. He and Mumtaz Mahal had 14 children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. When descendants of the Lodi Empire rose up on the Deccan Plateau in 1617, Emperor Jahangir sent Prince Khurram to deal with the problem. The prince soon put down the rebellion, so his father granted him the name Shah Jahan, meaning Glory of the World. Their close relationship broke down, however, over court intrigues by Jahangirs Afghan wife, Nur Jahan, who wanted Shah Jahans youngest brother to be Jahangirs heir.   In 1622, with relations at their zenith, Shah Jahan went to war against his father. Jahangirs army defeated Shah Jahans after a four-year fight; the prince surrendered unconditionally. When Jahangir died just one year later, in 1627, Shah Jahan became the Emperor of Mughal India. Emperor Shah Jahan As soon as he took the throne, Shah Jahan ordered his stepmother Nur Jahan imprisoned and his half-brothers executed, in order to secure his seat. Shah Jahan faced challenges and uprisings all around the edges of his empire, as well. He proved equal to the challenges from Sikhs and Rajputs in the north and west, and from the Portuguese in Bengal. However, the death of his beloved Mumtaz Mahal in 1631 nearly shattered the emperor. Mumtaz died at the age of thirty-eight after giving birth to her 14th child, a girl named Gauhara Begum. At the time of her death, Mumtaz was in the Deccan with Shah Jahan on a military campaign, despite her condition. The distraught emperor reportedly went into seclusion for an entire year  and was only coaxed out of mourning by his and Mumtazs eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum. Legend says that when he emerged, the forty-year-old emperors hair had turned white. He was determined to build his empress the most magnificent tomb the world had ever known. It took the next twenty years of his reign, but Shah Jahan planned, designed, and oversaw the construction of the Taj Mahal, the worlds most famous and beautiful mausoleum. Made of white marble inlaid with Jasper and agates, the Taj is decorated with Koranic verses in lovely calligraphy. The building occupied 20,000 workers over the course of two decades, including craftsmen from far-off Baghdad and Bukhara, and cost 32 million rupees. In the meantime, Shah Jahan began to rely increasingly on his son Aurangzeb, who proved an effective military leader and an Islamic fundamentalist from a young age. In 1636, Shah Jahan appointed him viceroy of the troublesome Deccan; Aurangzeb was just 18. Two years later, Shah Jahan and his sons took the city of Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, from the Safavid Empire. This sparked on-going strife with the Persians, who recaptured the city in 1649. Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658  and appointed his and Mumtaz Mahals eldest son Dara Shikoh as his regent. Daras three younger brothers immediately rose up against him and marched on the capital at Agra.  Aurangzeb defeated Dara and his other brothers  and took the throne. Shah Jahan then recovered from his illness, but Aurangzeb declared him unfit to rule and had him locked up in the Agra Fort for the rest of his life. Shah Jahan spent his last eight years gazing out the window at the Taj Mahal, attended by his daughter Jahanara Begum. On January 22, 1666, Shah Jahan died at the age of 74. He was interred in the Taj Mahal, beside his beloved Mumtaz Mahal.

Medium and Profession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medium and Profession - Research Paper Example Their role is thus important during the development stage, just before the system is rolled out. They could therefore be found in the research and development departments of Internet provision firms. The choice of this career is informed by the critical role that network architects play in ensuring that the Internet system works as required. It is a career that combines knowledge in both software and hardware to ensure that the modeling, analysis and planning of the Internet system runs as required. Network architecture career requires a bachelor’s degree in information systems. However, as noted by BLS (130), most employers would prefer applicants with Master of Business Administration with a major in Information Systems. Therefore, an early concentration in information technology, computer science, mathematics and language arts would be beneficial to a prospective network architect. Several years of experience make one a better performer in this profession. Though not repres ented by unions, the California Employment Development Department, EDD (2) observes that network architects’ unionization would vary by industry. For example, those in telecommunications could be members of Communications Workers of America. Such unions do not provide internship or entry level mentorship. This profession is important in the Internet medium as it ensures that the medium runs and executes the input commands as required. Information Security Analyst The roles in this career include planning, developing, implementing, upgrading and monitoring of security measures so as to protect the Internet network systems from security risks (BLS 128). Therefore, this career cuts across the various stages of the process of production, but particularly plays a critical role during distribution, when the Internet system gets exposed to security risks. These professionals would thus be found in the security department. The Internet is a large source of information accessible to p eople from all corners of the world. Thus, the choice of this career was informed by the need to understand the profession that enforces the security of the information shared through the Internet. This career also requires a bachelor’s degree in computer science with a majority of employers preferring applicants who hold a Master of Business Administration degree having majored in Information Systems. Hence, Kim and Solomon (423) advise high school students interested in the career to take keen interest in information technology, computer science, mathematics and language arts. No union represents these professionals, though they could join unions depending on their industry, such as the Service Employees International Union for public sector employees, EDD (2). It does not represent internship interests or provide for entry level mentorship. This profession is important in the Internet media as it provides for the protection of an organization’s content in the Intern et from attack. Additionally, information security analysts teach users on network security precautions and respond to any security breaches appropriately. Telecommunications Specialist The Internet medium provides for various media of communication including audio and visual. A telecommunications specialist plays the role of designing, supervising the installation and providing the

Most valuable lessons learned from this Business Ethics course Essay

Most valuable lessons learned from this Business Ethics course - Essay Example A very interesting finding that I learned after completing the course is that the ethical conduct of workers varies depending on the culture. In many Asian countries such as India and China bribers are visualized as part of doing business. In contrast U.S. businesspeople perceive bribes as an unethical act that must be avoided at all cost. The concept of social corporate responsibility has raised the ethical standards of business communities across the world. Acting in an ethical manner can help improve the corporate image of a company. In contrast unethical behavior can destroy the reputation of a firm. During the late 1990’s Nike Corporation was involved in a sweatshop scandal that hurt the company so much that in its aftermath the company lost half its annual sales. One of the greatest lessons that I learned from the course is that my professional future and potential opportunities in business can be enhanced by becoming an ethically responsible

Comparing Owen and Women Writers Poems

Comparing Owen and Women Writers Poems Owen was an English poet whose work was characterised by his anger at the cruelty and waste of war, which he experienced during service on the Western Front. Edited by Sassoon and published in 1920, Owens single volume of poems contain some of the most poignant English poetry of World War One, including Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth. One way Owen conveys the experience of war is by making people aware that the actual horrors of war were hidden behind propaganda. He conveys this very well in Dulce et Decorum Est My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. This is one of the most memorable lines of Owens poetry. It translates from Latin to: It is sweet and right to die for ones country. This was a phrase repeated in schools and churches and homes and political circles to entice young men to embrace patriotic fervour and enlist in the military. The true nature of war was concealed and they went off to war like the soldier in Disabled young, naive, full of dreams and completely unprepared for the carnage and complexity, half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race. This completely dismantles the myth that war is glorious and young men should die on their nations behalf. The verses before the last lines of Dulce et decor um est implies that the war was a surreal war of horror, nightmare, and pain. This single poem of Owens is enough to convey to the reader just how terrible WWI was, and how far removed the actuality of battle was from idealism and heroism. The Falling Leaves Margaret Cole says I saw the brown leaves dropping from their tree by connecting the leaves to the soldiers she is linking the inevitability of the soldiers deaths to the inevitability of the leaves falling from the tree. This shows that, like Owen, Margaret believes that the propaganda is misleading and although she thinks the soldiers are brave gallant multitude she thinks they are being brave for the wrong reasons, just like Owen. Owen, again, reveals the lies of propaganda in Disabled Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal Owen is implying that no one appreciates the protagonist and his work, Owen implies that he is forgotten and that he is not the hero he thought he would be and the propaganda misled him comple tely. Another way Owen conveys the experience of war is by highlighting how the soldiers are not appreciated as there are loads of soldiers and an individual is not going to be remembered for what a vast mass has done even if that individual has lost a part of him for the war. One of the reasons why Disabled is such a strong and memorable poem is how much it resonates with the reader. The young protagonist is realistic, relatable. He could be any one of the young men who joined the war for glory and did not stop to contemplate the sacrifices required, and who returned home very different physically or psychologically from his former self. He spends much of the poem reminiscing about the days before the war when he was heroic and beloved, as well as physically whole. He joined the war for seemingly silly reasons, and Owen condemns how easy it was for such a naive boy to lie about his age and enlist. Now he will never feel again how slim Girls waists are, or how warm their subtle hands, All of them touch him like some queer disease. The quote shows how the boys greatest regret now is that he will not be attractive to women. He does not lament his lack of glory or awards, but that his life back at home will be incomplete and unfulfilling. This is a pitifully sad and universal fear for young men of all wars and all eras. The protagonist doesnt think he is a whole person men that were whole he is abandoned, uncared for, isolated, forgotten as he is not really a man. Margaret Cole similarly writes about this issue in The Falling Leaves I saw the brown leaves dropping from their tree this implies that the soldiers deaths are trivial, just like Owen did, as she is implying that in this poem the leaves are soldiers and not many people care if a multitude of leaves fall off a tree they just carry on with their lives as if nothing happened. Margaret Cole is implying that the after effects of the soldiers are trivial to society. Anna Gordon-Keown differs in the way she conveys t he experience of war. In Reported Missing Anna writes about a mother who has recently received news that her son has been reported missing while he was fighting in the war. Anna conveys the mother to be grieving heavily, and also in denial of the sons death, This heart would never beat if you were dead.. The fact that the mother is in so much distress really implies that the death of one soldier can mean the emotional death of many. Owen also highlights how the soldiers are being controlled in Anthem for Doomed Youth What passing-bells for those who die as cattle?ÂÂ   Only the monstrous anger of the guns.. This poem suggests that the young men fighting in the war die nameless and faceless like animals. They are denied the dignity of proper funerals and burials in many cases, and are not afforded the rituals and traditions of those who die under normal circumstances. They must be content with the sounds of guns and rifles as their bells and choirs. Owen also expresses sympathy with the women back at home who mourn their fallen sons, husbands, and brothers, but has little to comfort them. War disrupts the patterns and norms of life, and, clearly, of death. Owen also highlights how soldiers are being controlled in Dulce et Decorum Est where Owen says Men marched asleep this implies that the soldiers are simply going to war for the sake of it and are being blinded by their false hope of being a hero not ration ally thinking of the consequences to soon follow. In conclusion, Owen is (rightfully) very infuriated with practically everything to do with war and he didnt like how it was portrayed. He has first-hand experience with the horrors of war but the women writers dont so they can only write about what they have heard (or have been fed) so the ways they convey war are sometimes quite different.

Essay --

Based on research, Gen Y seek more workplace flexibility, better balance between their workplace and personal life, to give themselves a higher job satisfaction.To accommodate to this need, HR in companies can adapt with a a flexible work hour. This includes shifting their work hours to accommodate their own schedules and are interested in working outside the office where they can stay connected by way of technology. Gen Y believe that the 40 hours per week target can be achieved in a more smarter way, where they could also give an effective productivity. Generation Y occupants are not convinced that such early career sacrifices are worth the potential rewards. A balance between their personal and work lives is more important to them. While the elder generations are confined in a strict 8am-5pm schedule, flexible work hour which emphasises only on a few hours of core hours in work should be introduced. For example, this core hours are the compulsory hours in which employee should be in office. During this time, engagement sessions, discussions and meeting shall be done in order to continue the job efficiently.Besides, HR should also introduce flexibility in timeframe where employee could arrange their workshedule where they work 4 days per week for 10 hours each day, followed by 3 days on leave. This enables them to increase productivity and at the same time provide contribution with the same time constraints. Due to the high priority given to family needs before work, HR can adapt and come up with unique family packages in which they could have a nursery for babies in workplace. This enables working mothers to take care and have an eye on their child while in work. This lifestyle promotes the healthy culture of that organization... ... the jobs we they after. Generation Y commit to the ideal of working smarter, not harder. For the independent Generation Y worker, the 9-5 workday hosts many pockets of wasted time; one being the daily commute. This is what the Generation Y worker thinks about, and why they value an open-minded employer. When applicable, offing your employees a telecommuting option can save time, money and the environment. Do you absolutely need them in the office? Then don’t give telecommuting a second thought, but do extend wellness benefits by offering reimbursements for gym memberships or by replacing swivel chairs with posture-pleasing exercise balls. Also, making conscious steps to keep the company green wherever feasibly possible (i.e. recycling bins, proper disposal of printer cartridges, energy efficient equipment) will help satisfy the socially conscious Generation Y.